Currently, Bangzi Opera is a widely spread local drama. In its development process, due to the influence of factors such as pronunciation and folk music from various places, artistic schools with different regional styles have been formed in its music: Xiangfu tune, Yudong tune, Yuxi tune, and Shahe tune. Among them, Xiangfu tune and Shahe tune are similar to Yudong tune in terms of singing plane structure, tune style, melody, rhythm, syntactic composition and pronunciation, so they are collectively called “Yudong tune.” In terms of modern Bangzi Opera, under the leadership of Lan-Chun Yang and others, the traditional singing style of Bangzi Opera was comprehensively absorbed and greatly reformed. They used scientific pronunciation and incorporated opera elements to form the “modern school,” also known as the modern opera school.

• 1. Xiangfu tune: In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, nearly 400 years ago, this tune was a Bangzi opera school that originated in Kaifeng, Bangzi. It was named after Xiangfu County. Xiangfu tune is the mother of Bangzi Opera and the most authentic singing style of Bangzi Opera. As the mainstream of Bangzi opera, Xiangfu tune has gradually formed its own simple, mellow, euphemistic, subtle, pretty and elegant style after hundreds of years of development. Representative Characters: Queens of Bangzi Opera, Lanfang Mei and Su-Chan Chen.

• 2. Yuxi tune: In the early years, Yuxi tune was mostly performed in the mountainous areas of western Bangzi and Luoyang. The artists say that Yuxi tune was handed down during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The singing voice is beautiful and melodious, and the words are clear and easy to hear. Yuxi tune is suitable for performances that are pessimistic, indignant, and have deep and tragic music. Representative Characters: Xiangyu Chang and Shujian Li.

• 3. Yudong tune: The female singing style is featured by more changes and bright and swift tune, while the male singing style is featured by simpler, unrestrained, bright, and exciting tune.Representative Characters: “Red King” Yucheng Tang, Yiting Zhao, Jinfeng Ma, and Zhonghe Liu.

• 4. High tune: The singing style of this tune is impassioned, high-pitched and robust, which slightly higher than that of Yudong tune, so it is known as the “Life-Sacrificing Bangzi Tune.” Representative Characters: Zhaorong Dou, Xincai Ren, RuiZhi Hao, etc.

• 5. Shahe tune: The singing style is lively and elegant, and the voice is clear and loud. This tune is suitable for expressing a happy and comfortable mood, as well as a generous and heroic atmosphere. Representative Characters: Zhenqi Liang, Fayin Liu, Xicheng Tang, and Jinfeng An.

• 6. Modern tune: Lanchun Yang integrates other styles of Yu Opera to form a new singing style. This tune is popular, comprehensive, joyful and cheerful. Representative repertoire: Bangzi Opera’s absolute classic and modern drama Chaoyanggou.

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